LLM05:2025: Improper Output Handling
Downstream systems consume LLM output as trusted code/SQL/HTML/shell. The LLM is treated as a sanitizer when it is in fact an injection source.
How it's found
Identified by submitting payloads designed to produce unsafe output (SQL, HTML, shell) and checking whether downstream code executes or renders it without sanitization.
Vulnerable vs. safe
eval(llmResponse.code) // LLM output executed directlyrunInSandbox(llmResponse.code, { timeout: 2000, network: false })Standards mapping
Where this fits in a TurboPentest engagement
This weakness is not covered by the automated black-box pentest. IntegSec pentesters cover it in a manual engagement.
Frequently asked questions
What is LLM05:2025 Improper Output Handling?
Downstream systems consume LLM output as trusted code/SQL/HTML/shell. The LLM is treated as a sanitizer when it is in fact an injection source.
How do you find Improper Output Handling?
Identified by submitting payloads designed to produce unsafe output (SQL, HTML, shell) and checking whether downstream code executes or renders it without sanitization.
Which CWEs map to LLM05:2025?
LLM05:2025 maps to CWE-116, CWE-79, CWE-94.
Does TurboPentest test for Improper Output Handling?
This weakness is not covered by the automated black-box pentest. IntegSec pentesters cover it in a manual engagement.
Related OWASP categories
- OWASP Top 10 for LLM ApplicationsLLM01:2025: Prompt Injection
- OWASP Top 10 for LLM ApplicationsLLM02:2025: Sensitive Information Disclosure
- OWASP Top 10 for LLM ApplicationsLLM03:2025: Supply Chain
- OWASP Top 10 for LLM ApplicationsLLM04:2025: Data and Model Poisoning
- OWASP Top 10 for LLM ApplicationsLLM06:2025: Excessive Agency
- OWASP Top 10 for LLM ApplicationsLLM07:2025: System Prompt Leakage
Written and reviewed by
Michel Chamberland - Founder & CEO, IntegSec
CISSP, OSCP, OSCE, CEH, GIAC, CCSK · 20+ years in offensive security
Michel has spent 20+ years on offensive security teams including IBM X-Force Red and Trustwave SpiderLabs, leading penetration tests, red team engagements, and breach response for Fortune 500 customers. He is the founder of IntegSec and the architect of TurboPentest.
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