CWE-471: Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID)
The product does not properly protect an assumed-immutable element from being modified by an attacker.
How it's found
Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) is typically found by tracing untrusted input from where it enters the system to the point where it is used without the check or neutralization this weakness describes, combining manual code review with dynamic testing.
This occurs when a particular input is critical enough to the functioning of the application that it should not be modifiable at all, but it is. Certain resources are often assumed to be immutable when they are not, such as hidden form fields in web applications, cookies, and reverse DNS lookups.
Consequences
- Modify Application Data: Common data types that are attacked are environment variables, web application parameters, and HTTP headers.
- Unexpected State
Mitigations
- Architecture and Design/Operation/Implementation: When the data is stored or transmitted through untrusted sources that could modify the data, implement integrity checks to detect unauthorized modification, or store/transmit the data in a trusted location that is free from external influence.
Where this fits in a TurboPentest engagement
This weakness is not covered by the automated black-box pentest. IntegSec pentesters cover it in a manual engagement.
Frequently asked questions
What is CWE-471?
The product does not properly protect an assumed-immutable element from being modified by an attacker.
How do you find Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID)?
Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) is typically found by tracing untrusted input from where it enters the system to the point where it is used without the check or neutralization this weakness describes, combining manual code review with dynamic testing.
What is the impact of CWE-471?
Modify Application Data: Common data types that are attacked are environment variables, web application parameters, and HTTP headers. Unexpected State
Does TurboPentest test for Modification of Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID)?
This weakness is not covered by the automated black-box pentest. IntegSec pentesters cover it in a manual engagement.
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Written and reviewed by
Michel Chamberland - Founder & CEO, IntegSec
CISSP, OSCP, OSCE, CEH, GIAC, CCSK · 20+ years in offensive security
Michel has spent 20+ years on offensive security teams including IBM X-Force Red and Trustwave SpiderLabs, leading penetration tests, red team engagements, and breach response for Fortune 500 customers. He is the founder of IntegSec and the architect of TurboPentest.
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