CWE-425: Forced Browsing
Direct Request
The web application does not adequately enforce appropriate authorization on all restricted URLs, scripts, or files.
How it's found
Forced Browsing is typically found by tracing untrusted input from where it enters the system to the point where it is used without the check or neutralization this weakness describes, combining manual code review with dynamic testing.
Consequences
- Read Application Data, Modify Application Data, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Gain Privileges or Assume Identity
Mitigations
- Architecture and Design/Operation: Apply appropriate access control authorizations for each access to all restricted URLs, scripts or files.
- Architecture and Design: Consider using MVC based frameworks such as Struts.
Where this fits in a TurboPentest engagement
This weakness is not covered by the automated black-box pentest. IntegSec pentesters cover it in a manual engagement.
Frequently asked questions
What is CWE-425?
The web application does not adequately enforce appropriate authorization on all restricted URLs, scripts, or files.
How do you find Forced Browsing?
Forced Browsing is typically found by tracing untrusted input from where it enters the system to the point where it is used without the check or neutralization this weakness describes, combining manual code review with dynamic testing.
What is the impact of CWE-425?
Read Application Data, Modify Application Data, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Gain Privileges or Assume Identity
Does TurboPentest test for Forced Browsing?
This weakness is not covered by the automated black-box pentest. IntegSec pentesters cover it in a manual engagement.
Related CWEs
- Class weaknessCWE-862: Missing Authorization
- Base weaknessCWE-288: Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
- Class weaknessCWE-424: Improper Protection of Alternate Path
- Class weaknessCWE-20: Improper Input Validation
- Base weaknessCWE-22: Path Traversal
- Class weaknessCWE-77: Command Injection
Written and reviewed by
Michel Chamberland - Founder & CEO, IntegSec
CISSP, OSCP, OSCE, CEH, GIAC, CCSK · 20+ years in offensive security
Michel has spent 20+ years on offensive security teams including IBM X-Force Red and Trustwave SpiderLabs, leading penetration tests, red team engagements, and breach response for Fortune 500 customers. He is the founder of IntegSec and the architect of TurboPentest.
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